Heavy metals in Delhi's drinking water

ByNeha Lalchandani, TNN | Mar 11, 2013, 12.17 AM IST
NEW DELHI: Delhi's drinking water is contaminated with tonnes of industrial waste. Industries located upstream of the Yamuna have been found to be discharging untreated waste into the river, leading to the presence of heavy metals in water that is picked up at Wazirabad to meet the city's drinking water needs.

Manoj Misra of the Yamuna Jiye Abhiyan had water from the Dhanura Escape — a channel that empties into the Yamuna — tested at a laboratory in Gwalior and found that the levels of chromium, lead and iron were higher than permissible. "While chromium was 0.13 mg/l against 0.05 mg/l, lead was 0.035 mg/l against 0.01mg/l and iron was 3.51mg/l against a permissible 0.1 mg/l. The presence of heavy metals is even more problematic since the treatment plants in Delhi are not equipped to detect or treat them," said Misra.

Pollution from industries in Haryana, especially those located in and around Panipat and Sonepat, has caused treatment plants to stop functioning on several occasions after ammonia level went so high that it could not be treated. Untreated industrial effluent from Yamuna Nagar, Misra said, is released into the Dhanura Escape from where it meets the river upstream of Kunjpura in the Karnal district.

"Similarly, toxic waste from Panipat falls into the Yamuna near the village of Simla Gujran in Panipat district. Samples from the Dhanura Escape show presence of heavy metals, known health hazards and a clear indication of industrial pollution. This water is picked up at Wazirabad for treatment at Chandrawal and Wazirabad treatment plants," he said.

Other than heavy metals, other pollutants, too, were much higher than BIS norms for drinking water. Total coliform was 1,200 against the permissible limit of 10, total dissolved solids were 3,324 against the permissible limit of 500, biochemical oxygen demand was 240 mg/l against a limit of 30 mg/l, and chemical oxygen demand was 768 mg/l against a limit of 250 mg/l, Misra added.

Central Pollution Control Board officials said they had made it compulsory for all industries to have effluent treatment plants. "Most industries have installed ETPs but either the treatment is not up to mark or not all effluent is reaching the ETPs. We have set up a real time water pollution monitoring station at Wazirabad where we monitor 10 parameters... heavy metals are not monitored as they cannot be treated in the plants," said an official. 
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Heavy-metals-in-Delhis-drinking-water/articleshow/18898767.cms?prtpage=1

Rs 6,500 crore and 19 years later, Yamuna dirty as ever

ByNeha Lalchandani, TNN | Mar 11, 2013, 12.08 AM IST
NEW DELHI: About 19 years ago, Supreme Court first scrutinized pollution in the Yamuna. Innumerable orders later, Yamuna is dirtier than ever with a mind-numbing Rs 6,500 crore spent to clean the river and the latest plan — interceptor sewers — going nowhere.

On Monday, when SC reviews Yamuna's pollution, it could be back to the drawing board. Six years after Delhi Jal Board proposed interceptor sewers to treat sewage before it flows into major drains, just Rs 51 crore of the Rs 1,963 crore scheme have been spent.

Worse, it is not even clear if the measure that was to improve water quality by 2010 will actually work in light of the rapid growth of unauthorized colonies discharging sewage into the river, an issue flagged even in 2007 by an official committee that approved the interceptor proposal.

The committee had warned that 1,432 unauthorized colonies were the nub of the problem. By 2012, their number had jumped to 1,639. Although these colonies have been promised regularization, drainage and sewers are years away. In 2007, 517 of 567 unauthorized regularized colonies had sewers. The number grew by just six in the next five years. DJB says it is a difficult task to provide sewerage in such densely populated colonies where they have barely any road space for their work.

A report submitted to the court by an inspection team that included amicus curiae Ranjit Kumar as recently as November last year, called for sewage connections to all new colonies, whether authorized or not. It pointed out that Delhi's 17 sewage treatment plants (STPs) have a capacity of 2,460 MGD against an utilization of 1,558 MGD. Delhi's sewage generation is around 3,800 MGD.

The challenge will only become stiffer as projected sewage generation by 2021 is likely to be about 4,500 mld. This means sewage treatment capacity will have to be augmented by 2,000 mld in less than 10 years, says the central pollution control board.

"I agree that our STPs are not performing up to standards but we are working at addressing this," says Debashree Mukherjee, CEO of DJB. "Utilization of STPs is a problem but that is exactly what the interceptor system will address. We are also upgrading and augmenting the STPs with the new ones meeting standards set by CPCB," she said.

The SC-mandated team inspected four sewage treatment plants. It found one plant was operational but not up to capacity and another did not meet requisite parameters. A third one was non-functional and another received limited flows of untreated sewage.

Apart from the nearly Rs 2,000 crore budgeted for the interceptor scheme, money has simply gone down the drain since 1994. Uttar Pradesh has spent Rs 2,052 crore, Haryana pollution control board Rs 2,084 crore and Delhi around Rs 2,394 crore. The spending is up from Rs 5,000 crore reported earlier by TOI.

On May 19, 2010, the cabinet committee on infrastructure approved Rs 1,357 crore for the interceptor project. The Centre's component — additional central assistance — amounted to Rs 475 crore of which Rs 118 crore was transferred.

Touted as a solution to preventing untreated sewage from unauthorized colonies flowing into the Yamuna, the plan has been barely implemented. The apex court has repeatedly sought updates but DJB and Engineers India Limited, the consultant, do not have much to show.

In January, 2008, DJB informed the court that it had appointed EIL as a consultant and that data collection of likely sewage flows will be complete after "rehabilitation of sewers" in 2010. Yet, DJB submitted a plan much earlier.

The Central Pollution Control Board and Sunita Narain from Centre for Science and Environment have been sceptical of the proposal with CPCB pointing out that sewer flows were grossly underestimated and that even after implementation, Yamuna water will be far short of being "bathing quality", as envisaged by the court.

The 25km interceptor sewers are to come up along three main drains — Najafgarh, Supplementary and Shahdara. But a CPCB report last December said that as per EIL's assessment, there was a shortage of 1,000 mld treatment capacity. The present capacity was 1,500 mld and by 2036, this would increase to 2,300 mld.

"These figures seem to be an underestimate. For instance, the actual gap in Shahdara works out to about 520 mld as compared to 290 mld reported by EIL," CPCB said.

But CPCB's report has been contested by DJB in court. "Work on the interceptors is 37% complete and we are targeting 2014-end for its commissioning. The data compiled by Engineers India Ltd is accurate and the project is being monitored by me monthly and by the chief secretary every two months. The government is very serious about pushing this project and having a clean river. It must be understood that this work will take time and there cannot be an overnight change," said Mukherjee.

In 1997, Delhi government filed an affidavit in court, saying work on common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) had begun although it did not start even by 1999. In September that year, the court directed the government to pass orders to ensure that from November 1, 1999, no industrial effluent was to be discharged into the river.

In April 2000, the court noted that "this river cannot be classified as Class C possibly not even as Class E which is the least grade". By that year, 16 STPs should have been constructed. But as the court itself commented, "Performance is lagging far behind."

The 2012 Central Pollution Control Board report says there are 13 common effluent treatment plants with a capacity of 221 mld catering to 28 planned industrial estates in Delhi which generate 218 mld of industrial waste water. However, it notes that "there is a wide gap in installed capacity and its utilization".

The Delhi Pollution Control Committee's study has revealed that nine CETPs do not meet prescribed standards for one or the other pollutant.

It pointed out that renovation of STPs at Keshopur had been completed at a cost of Rs 150 crore and should have been a showcase example of design parameters of 10mg/l BOD and 10 mg/l TSS. But the performance of the STP disappointed as the plant did not meet operating parameters as well as those of effluent quality.

Expensive hardware is not the only solution for Delhi, say experts. Sunita Narain, CSE director says that DJB should a look at other inexpensive methods of cleaning the river.

"At Kumbh this year, there was a strict enforcement on industries, sewage was intercepted and reused, and bio-remediation was done at all nallahs, which ensured that sewage in nallas was much cleaner by the time it reached STPs or the Ganga," she said.

Delhi could adopt several of these techniques, Narain said. "Bio-remediation is an effective, natural and non-expensive mechanism of waste water treatment. More importantly, Delhi should take less water from the Yamuna to ensure a minimum flow in the river. Instead, it should regulate and rejuvenate its water bodies and develop its groundwater sources," she added.  
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Rs-6500-crore-and-19-years-later-Yamuna-dirty-as-ever/articleshow/18898660.cms?prtpage=1

Kanpur: Very few turtle nesting sites sighted this year

Faiz Rahman Siddiqui, TNN Feb 27, 2013, 04.51AM IST

KANPUR: It is the time of the year when hundreds of turtles make their way to the banks of Yamuna to lay their eggs. However, heavy release of water from Tajewala dam and Hathnikund barrage in Haryana for bathing purpose at Kumbh mela in Allahabad has delayed the mass nesting phenomenon of aquatic animals in the region. Wildlife experts say it could be due to excess release of water into the river Yamuna from Tajewala dam and Hathnikund barrage in Haryana besides other water reservoirs, which have majorly affected the turtles and perhaps other aquatic species, as well. "The nesting season, particularly of hard shell turtles, usually start from February end, but very few turtle nesting sites were sighted this year," said Rajiv Chauhan, secretary, society for conservation of nature. The NGO has been extensively engaged in conserving turtles since the last couple of decades.
Sita Ram Taigor of Peace Charitable Trust, New Delhi also claimed that the mass nesting of turtles is a routine feature during this time of the year. "February is drawing its end and very few turtle nesting sites are spotted along the banks of river Yamuna in the ongoing breeding season," he said.
Generally rare varieties of turtles like Kachuga Tacta, considered to be highly endangered and categorised as Schedule-I animal by IUCN, are found in Yamuna but these species are becoming rare, he added.
The sandy banks, which are considered to be the most favourite site and congenial place for mass nesting phenomenon, underwent rapid topographical changes following natural and artificial disasters over the last couple of years. Conservationists expressed their concern over the damage of nesting sites due to erosion of sand banks following excess release of water from dams and barrages. A major stretch in the down stream of the river, starting right from Bateshwar in Agra upto Sangam in Allahabad, is widely regarded as the densest nesting area for hard as well as soft shell turtles.
According to the locals of Bateshwar, the water body is home to more than half a dozen different varieties of tortoises including Kachuga tacta, Kachuga tentoria, the red-crowned roofed turtle (Batagur Kachuga) and three-striped roofed turtle, Batagur Dhongoka.
"After mating at the river, females come on the sand banks during the breeding season to nest. They dig a hole in the sand, where 10-20 eggs are deposited at a time," informed Chauhan further. He also added that recent rain may also have washed away some of the turtle nesting sites.
"It is almost a great loss to us. We would try our best to save the nesting sites by apprising our superiors about the issue wherein heavy release of water from Tajewala dam and Hathnikund barrage in Haryana led to a major destruction," said Manik Chandra Yadav, district forest officer of Etawah.

http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-27/flora-fauna/37329978_1_shell-turtles-hathnikund-tajewala